In 1848 Hungary transformed itself to a constitutional monarchy. Attacked by the Habsburg army led to the dethronization of the House of Habsburg, and Louis Kossuth was elected Governor.

With the help of the Russian Czar (and some part with immigrant Serb and Vlach – now called – Rumanian population), Hungary was crushed, and the military leaders of the War of Independence were executed in Arad on October 6, 1849.